Trochanteric bursitis or tendonitis is the inflammation of the tendons or greater trochanter around the same region(14).
Displacement of bone (in the case of large fracture) Hip Osteoarthritis (OA).T2-weighted MRI – edema surrounding bone.Low-intensity signal located within or on the edge of the bone.When reading MRI for hip OA, one should look for the following: This combination allows the differentiation of fractures from soft tissue injuries. It was suggested that a combination of a T1- and T2-weighted MRI is the best method of detecting occult fractures(12). Meanwhile, repetition time is the time between the application of successive pulse sequences to the same slice(11). Time to echo refers to the time between the application of the radiofrequency pulse and the peak of the echo signal induced in the coil. T1-weighted images are generated using short TE (time to echo) and TR (repetition time), while T-2 weighted images are generated using longer TE and TR times(10). T-1 weighted and T2-weighted scans are the most common MRI sequences. Meanwhile, MRI had 100% sensitivity, 95% accuracy, 93% positive predictive value, 86% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value(9). A study demonstrated that radiographs have only a 15% to 35% sensitivity on initial stress fracture exam, increasing to 30% to 70% on follow-up visits(8). MRI is considered the gold standard in detecting hip fractures due to its high sensitivity. The most common hip fracture types are stress fractures and occult fractures (not detectable using radiograph).ĭespite their ease of use and immediate results, radiographs have low reliability in picking up fractures in their early stages(7).
Hip fractures encompass a wide range of types and various imaging techniques. Hip Conditions or Pathologies Hip Fractures The sciatic nerve, the femoral nerve, and the obturator nerve are the largest nerves in the hip and thigh. These ligaments reinforce and stabilize the hip joint(6). The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments represent the thickenings of the joint capsule. The hip’s essential muscles are the sartorius, rectus femoris, gluteus minimus and medius, iliopsoas, adductors, and hamstrings. Meanwhile, labral sulcus and absent labrum are normal variations in the labrum (ring of cartilage). Normal variations that involve the cartilage include the supra-acetabular fossa (acetabular cartilage) and the stellate lesion. The alignment and the marrow are the critical elements of the osseous (bony) structures on MR imaging(5). Understanding the anatomy of the hip is essential for diagnosing its pathology. Other sources of pain that can be detected by MRI include tumors, infection, or necrosis of the bone (avascular necrosis or AVN)(4). MRI determines the causes of hip pain that may originate from nearby structures, like the pubic bones, sacroiliac joints, or the lower lumbar spine(3). Several tendons insert around the hip and may become inflamed or degenerated. This tool can show changes in the cartilage and the underlying bone, helping doctors detect arthritis’ early signs(2). MRI is a medical imaging tool that evaluates various causes of pain surrounding the hip joint. How Does Hip MRI Work in Medical Diagnosis? This modality is considered safe, non-invasive, and depicts accurate anatomical details(1). This medical imaging method can detect stress fractures or bone bruises that a regular X-ray usually misses.Īccording to a study, MRI is the modality of choice when determining X-ray results’ abnormalities and the diagnosis of various hip conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes magnet and radio waves to produce diagnostic images that allow a doctor to visualize the hips. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on hip MRI.
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